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Developing appropriate and effective anti-corruption tools and strategies for climate finance can ensure that it is optimised for impact and success.

Keeping Indonesia’s primary deforestation rate on a downward trajectory in the future will not be easy. Norway and others will need to pay more for forest carbon than they have in the past.

There are a number of options available to facilitate increased and equal access to decision-makers by all relevant stakeholders.

Corruption within climate finance means goals may not be achieved. Anti-corruption efforts need to focus on key sectors and strategies.

Many jurisdictions are considering imposing a tax on carbon emissions to achieve their goals. Corruption may hinder such efforts.

Conflicts of interest have invaded and corrupted global efforts to fight climate change for many years. COP28 is merely the latest in a long line of such events.

Inclusive lobbying will improve policymaking, increase public confidence in the political system, and support effective climate action.

Carbon taxes to reduce emissions can be less effective due to corruption. Tools to reduce corruption risks include increasing transparency, managing conflicts of interest, and enforcing penalties.

Grand corruption poses a serious threat to international efforts to tackle climate change. The dominant forms of grand corruption in energy transition policies are unequal access to lobbying,…