Emerging from nearly three decades of conflict and instability, Angola continues to face major challenges of weak governance and widespread corruption at all levels of society. Corruption manifests itself through various forms, including bureaucratic, political and grand corruption, embezzlement of public resources, systematic looting of state assets, and a deeply entrenched patronage system that operates outside state channels. The scale of corruption and mismanagement has been considerable in the extractive industries. The government has introduced important reforms in recent years, especially with regard to revenue and budget transparency. It also called for a crackdown on corruption in 2009. But Angola’s overall legal and institutional anti-corruption framework remains highly inadequate.