This U4 Issue Paper translates lessons related to monitoring judicial reform to the specific requirements of UNCAC Article 11. Taking the Paris Declaration’s requirement to monitor for development results as a starting point, it asks what this might mean with respect to measures aimed at increasing integrity and reducing corruption. The need to clarify what to monitor, who to monitor, at what cost, and for what purpose, is elaborated. The paper also highlights the links between effective monitoring and an appropriate selection of indicators, capacity for data collection and analysis, and a feedback mechanism to support ongoing evaluation and fine‑tuning of the reform process.