Corruption remains a major obstacle to companies operating in Pakistan, along with macro-economic uncertainty and lingering security risks. While companies are likely to encounter corruption across all sectors, certain industries and firm profiles are more at risk. Collusive contracting and kickbacks remain widespread in the energy and infrastructure sectors, while industries driven by fast-moving consumer durables, such as telecommunications, seem to be becoming more resistant to such practices. Larger firms are generally less vulnerable to coercive corruption, and the positive effects of foreign bribery laws can be gradually felt as local firms become increasingly sensitive to the compliance requirements of foreign companies.